Fetal development during pregnancy pdf

The vagina opens on the surface of the perineum at 22 weeks finding out babys sex in utero. Youll undoubtedly spend the months ahead wondering how your baby is growing and developing. Fetal alcohol exposure occurs when a woman drinks while pregnant. Marijuana is one of the most widely used substances during pregnancy in the united states. Lets look and measure some of the changes that occur during this human fetal development.

Development begins on the day of fertilization when one sperm penetrates the ovum egg and unites with it to form one cell. Drinking alcohol, smoking, and taking drugs during pregnancy can increase your childs risk for problems such as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders fasds, sudden infant death syndrome sids, and other problems. Development of a human fetus after a human egg is fertilized with human sperm, the most amazing changes happen that allow a baby to develop. Genetic and environmental influences on fetal growth vary. By about week 20 of pregnancy, your baby girl will have 7 million primitive eggs, which will pare down to about 2 million by the time shes born. It is worthwhile to keep in mind there are several factors that affect the development of a. Please contact your physician or health care provider, community health nurse, or local community health center to learn more about fetal growth and development.

Fetal health and development when youre pregnant, youre constantly wondering how your baby is doing in there. Conception conception is the union of the mothers and fathers sex cells, also known as gametes or germ cells. Discuss the common nutritionrelated problems that can occur during pregnancy. A woman gains about 4 pounds due to increased blood volume and an additional 4 pounds due to increased fluid in the body. This combining of the ovum and the sperm causes massive cell division. Pregnancy lasts about 40 weeks, counting from the first day of your last normal period. This framework 1 takes into account the influence of socioeconomic status sesenvironmental.

Regardless of the reason, women who use opioids during pregnancy should be aware of the possible risks during pregnancy, as well as her. The maternal immune system during pregnancy and its influence on fetal development sara s morelli,1 mili mandal,2 laura t goldsmith,1 banafsheh n kashani,1 nicholas m ponzio3,41department of obstetrics, gynecology and womens health, new jersey medical school, rutgers university, newark, 2department of pharmacology and toxicology, ernest mario school of. Demands for folate increase during pregnancy because it is also required for growth and development of the fetus. The last stage of prenatal development is the fetal stage, which lasts from two months after conception until birth. Drinking alcohol during pregnancy can cause a range of lifelong physical, behavioral, and intellectual disabilities. They spend their last few weeks building fat layers and putting on weight. Organ systems develop further and start to function. Its around this time when your next period would normally be due that you might be able to get a positive result on a home pregnancy test. Find out how your baby grows and develops during the first trimester. Identify the stages of pregnancy and vulnerable periods of fetal development.

Learn how embryos develop and grow during pregnancy. When youre pregnant, youre constantly wondering how your baby is doing in there. Environmental influences cont maternal factors stress unusual stress during pregnancy at elevated risk of malformations. The maternal immune system during pregnancy and its. Treyemessturs find out whats happening with you and your baby in these three stages. Identify counseling recommendations for common pregnancy. Pdf the maternal immune system during pregnancy and its. During the last two and a half months of your pregnancy, shell continue to put on more padding and will likely double her current weight. In girls, development of external sex organs remains pretty much static over time.

Maternal sleep quality during pregnancy is associated with. Low birth weight is the main determinant of infant mortality, affects the healthy development of the newborn, and determines the differential risk of developing chronic diseases in advanced stages of the life cycle. Poor maternal sleep quality during pregnancy may act as a prenatal stress factor for the fetus and associate with neonate neurocognition, for example via fetal programming. Here the human ovum egg is surrounded by several sperm. Here we consider the role of infection during pregnancy on fetal development including placental development and function, which can lead to fetal growth restriction. Nature and nurture combine forces in prenatal development. Each villus contains a network of fetal blood vessels, and its outer surface is in contact with. During pregnancy, however, the exchange of these gases in the fetus depends on the placenta. Stress and pregnancy a growing body of research demonstrates that stress before and during pregnancy is associated with poor birth outcomes and subsequent poor health outcomes for children. Influence of infection during pregnancy on fetal development.

About one month into this stage, the sex organs of the fetus begin to form. These are known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders fasds. She takes all possible steps needed for the growth of her baby. Understanding the relation between zika virus infection. Both have been shown to have multiple beneficial effects, including improving childhood development when ingested during pregnancy. You might have heard of fetal alcohol syndrome fas, which is one condition in the fasd spectrum. Take a peek inside the womb to see the stages of fetal development. Although having some nausea and vomiting is normal during pregnancy, particularly in the first trimester, some women experience more severe symptoms that last into the third trimester. There is no known safe level of alcohol use during pregnancy, and research suggests that even lighter levels of prenatal alcohol exposure can impact fetal development. In 20092010, nearly threequarters of women reported they had experienced at least one stressful event in the 12 months prior to the delivery of their child. Fetal development continues during the third trimester. Fearfully and wonderfully made theres no question about it the growth and development of an infant from conception through birth is nothing short of miraculous.

Folate vitamin b 9 is an essential nutrient that is required for dna replication and as a substrate for a range of enzymatic reactions involved in amino acid synthesis and vitamin metabolism. By the 10th week of pregnancy, or eight weeks after conception, your babys head has become more round. Understanding the relation between zika virus infection during pregnancy and adverse fetal, infant and child outcomes. This is week one of your pregnancy, but youre not officially pregnant yet. This amazing process, called development, normally lasts about 38 weeks. The placenta, which nourishes the baby, weights about 1 12 pounds. Structural equation models were fit at the end of first trimester, during midgestation, late second trimester, and third trimester of pregnancy. One sperm has entered the ovum and is about to fertilize it. The effects of tobacco use during and after pregnancy on. It might seem confusing, but your doctor will track your pregnancy and due date from the first day of your last period. Pdf maternal factors, fetal development and pregnancy.

Emerging data on the ability of cannabinoids to cross the placenta and affect the development of the fetus raise concerns about both pregnancy outcomes and longterm consequences for the infant or child. Fetal development eight weeks after conception by the end of the 10th week of pregnancy eight weeks after conception your babys toes and fingers lose their webbing and become longer. Fetal weight accounts for about 7 12 pounds by the end of pregnancy. Social media is used to tout the use of marijuana for severe nausea associated with pregnancy. This comprehensive fetal development guide will tell you which systems and features are forming when, plus give good insight into baby kicks and other milestones in your little ones growth during pregnancy. The process of fetal development starts from fertilization of the ovum till the delivery of the baby. Child growth and development pregnancy and prenatal. Omega3 fatty acids and pregnancy pubmed central pmc.

Fetal alcohol exposure national institute on alcohol. Specialized microscopic structures called villi form as part of the placenta. State the recommended ranges of maternal weight gain during pregnancy. Alcohol can disrupt fetal development at any stage during a pregnancyincluding at the earliest stages before a woman even knows she is pregnant.

So far, outcomes of children are generally reassuring, but longterm followup is insufficient. Gestational age is the age of the pregnancy from the last normal menstrual period lmp, and fetal age is the actual age of the growing baby. Opioid use during pregnancy can affect women and their babies. It has become clear that, for specific cancers and under well defined circumstances, oncological treatment in pregnancy is possible. First trimester week 1week 12 during the first trimester your body undergoes many changes. Heres a weekly calendar of events for fetal development during the third. Following a pregnancy week by week a person can see how quickly the physiologic changes occur, especially during the first trimester. Much of development is generated by the fetus itself. Infection by bacteria, viruses and parasites may lead to fetal death, organ injury or limited sequelae depending on the pathogen. Discuss the rationale for healthy nutrition during pregnancy. What is the role of the placenta in the fetal development.

Summarize the growth changes that occur during fetal development. Conceptual framework for studying associations between maternal nutrition and adverse birth outcomes. A baby born with fas has a small head, weighs less than. Summarize how lifestyle choices can affect fetal development. Specify gestational nutrient needs and nutritionrelated concerns. Take a peek inside the womb to see how your belly and your baby develop from week to week with this interactive visual pregnancy timeline from webmd. By now, youre eager to meet your baby face to face. Women may use opioids as prescribed, may misuse prescription opioids, may use illicit opioids such as heroin, or may use opioids as part of medicationassisted treatment for opioid use disorder. An alcoholfree pregnancy is the best choice for your baby. Other complications of pregnancy may include the following. Research shows that binge drinking, which for women means consuming four or more drinks per occasion, and regular heavy drinking put.

Effects of cancer treatment during pregnancy on fetal and. Factors affecting fetal development lady care health. Fetal development week by week follow your babys development from a tiny mass of cells through to a fully developed baby. Right now, your body is busy getting ready for when you do get pregnant. For newborn, it can cause low birth weight, fetal intrauterine growth retardation that may have long life consequences on newborn development, quality of life and health care. Our illustrations show how your baby is growing inside your womb uterus, while our inside pregnancy videos take a 3d animated look at a baby from conception to labour and birth. The maternal immune system during pregnancy and its influence on fetal development. The effects of tobacco use during and after pregnancy on exposed children relevance of findings for alcohol research marie d. Effect of malnutrition during pregnancy on pregnancy outcomes. Prenatal development nature and nurture combine forces in prenatal development. Youre now about 4 weeks from the beginning of your last period. State several physiological adjustments during pregnancy. Your baby will open his or her eyes, gain more weight, and prepare for delivery. See month by month ultrasound images of your baby in the womb.